EFFECTS OF MICROBIOTES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN TUMOR PATHOLOGIES

Chekhun V.F.¹, Lukianova N.Yu.¹, Shvets Yu.V.²

• ¹R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
• ²ESC «Institute of Biology and Medicine» of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

The presented review analyzes and summarizes modern scientific data on the key mechanisms by which the microbiota of bacterial origin affects the tumor process and the effectiveness of antitumor therapy. Modern genome research technologies have made it possible to implement the Human Microbiome Project (2008–2013). Thanks to this project, updated data on the number and variety of microbiota composition of the human body were obtained. It is also known that a number of human pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic diseases, allergic and autoimmune pathologies, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders, as well as oncological processes are associated with certain species compositions of intestinal microbiota. Current data on the mechanisms by which certain species of bacteria promote the formation or inhibition of human and experimental tumors are presented. In addition, it has been proven that the metabolic activity of the microbiota affects the effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy in malignant growth. Assessment of the microbiota provides important information for predicting the aggressiveness of the tumor process and the sensitivity of the tumor to therapy. Since diet is a key factor influencing the composition and function of the microbiota, the development of individual dietary programs for cancer patients is one of the priorities of modern clinical observations.