MODERN APPROACHES TO PREDICTING THE COURSE OF ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKOSIS

N.M. Tretyak, N.V. Goryainova, O.V. Mironova, S.Y. Kalinina, A.I. Koval

The paper analyses data available in the literature dealing with the most important prognostic factors with respect to acute myeloblastic leukosis (AML). Cytomorphologic variants of AML are shown to be the most important signs which allow predicting roughly its further course in every particular patient. The most frequent cytogenetic patterns associated with various morphologic variants of AML are presented as well as their prognostic value. Discussed are also molecular patterns of the gene structure in AML patients which are very important for predicting and prescribing pathogenetically relevant treatment. The groups of factors are classified that play a considerable role in the resistance against cytostatic drugs. The relevance of immunotyping of leukemic cells is analyzed. It is shown that the treatment results are dependent upon tumor cells’ expressing transport proteins such as Р­glycoprotein, multiple drug resistance protein, and other factors dealing with modified metabolism of the drug, intracellular targets, and cell reparation mechanisms.