MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DNA DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN NORMAL AND MALIGNANT CELLS

Shcherbina V.M., Chumak A.V., Kashuba O.V. 

• RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

Replicative stress is one of the important factors that plays a significant role in the processes of malignant neoplasms formation and progression, what had been demonstrated experimentally. Polymerase errors that occur during the replication process; violation of the processes of regulation, coordination and control over the replication process; the occurrence of mutations in the genes involved in this process etc. — all this leads to an imbalance and delay in replication, the destruction of replicative forks, the occurrence of violations of the integrity of DNA chains, including due to the appearance of double-stranded breaks. As a result, all of the above result in the emergence of new mutations and chromosomal rearrangements, which contributes to tumor progression in general. This work analyzed and systematized the molecular mechanisms that coordinate DNA damage and repair processes in normal and malignant cells.